2 Kings 20 21-2 Kings 23 30
Hezekiah died, and his son Manasseh became the next king.Manasseh was twelve years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem fifty five years. His mother was Hephzibah.He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, following the detestable practices of the pagan nations that the Lord had driven from the land ahead of the Israelites.He rebuilt the pagan shrines his father, Hezekiah, had destroyed. He constructed altars for Baal and set up an Asherah pole, just as King Ahab of Israel had done. He also bowed before all the powers of the heavens and worshiped them.He built pagan altars in the Temple of the Lord, the place where the Lord had said,“ My name will remain in Jerusalem forever.”He built these altars for all the powers of the heavens in both courtyards of the Lord’s Temple.Manasseh also sacrificed his own son in the fire. He practiced sorcery and divination, and he consulted with mediums and psychics. He did much that was evil in the Lord’s sight, arousing his anger.Manasseh even made a carved image of Asherah and set it up in the Temple, the very place where the Lord had told David and his son Solomon:“ My name will be honored forever in this Temple and in Jerusalem— the city I have chosen from among all the tribes of Israel.If the Israelites will be careful to obey my commands— all the laws my servant Moses gave them— I will not send them into exile from this land that I gave their ancestors.”But the people refused to listen, and Manasseh led them to do even more evil than the pagan nations that the Lord had destroyed when the people of Israel entered the land.Then the Lord said through his servants the prophets:“ King Manasseh of Judah has done many detestable things. He is even more wicked than the Amorites, who lived in this land before Israel. He has caused the people of Judah to sin with his idols.So this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: I will bring such disaster on Jerusalem and Judah that the ears of those who hear about it will tingle with horror.I will judge Jerusalem by the same standard I used for Samaria and the same measure I used for the family of Ahab. I will wipe away the people of Jerusalem as one wipes a dish and turns it upside down.Then I will reject even the remnant of my own people who are left, and I will hand them over as plunder for their enemies.For they have done great evil in my sight and have angered me ever since their ancestors came out of Egypt.”Manasseh also murdered many innocent people until Jerusalem was filled from one end to the other with innocent blood. This was in addition to the sin that he caused the people of Judah to commit, leading them to do evil in the Lord’s sight.The rest of the events in Manasseh’s reign and everything he did, including the sins he committed, are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Judah.When Manasseh died, he was buried in the palace garden, the garden of Uzza. Then his son Amon became the next king.Amon was twenty two years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem two years. His mother was Meshullemeth, the daughter of Haruz from Jotbah.He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, just as his father, Manasseh, had done.He followed the example of his father, worshiping the same idols his father had worshiped.He abandoned the Lord, the God of his ancestors, and he refused to follow the Lord’s ways.Then Amon’s own officials conspired against him and assassinated him in his palace.But the people of the land killed all those who had conspired against King Amon, and they made his son Josiah the next king.The rest of the events in Amon’s reign and what he did are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Judah.He was buried in his tomb in the garden of Uzza. Then his son Josiah became the next king.Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty one years. His mother was Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah from Bozkath.He did what was pleasing in the Lord’s sight and followed the example of his ancestor David. He did not turn away from doing what was right.In the eighteenth year of his reign, King Josiah sent Shaphan son of Azaliah and grandson of Meshullam, the court secretary, to the Temple of the Lord. He told him,“ Go to Hilkiah the high priest and have him count the money the gatekeepers have collected from the people at the Lord’s Temple.Entrust this money to the men assigned to supervise the restoration of the Lord’s Temple. Then they can use it to pay workers to repair the Temple.They will need to hire carpenters, builders, and masons. Also have them buy the timber and the finished stone needed to repair the Temple.But don’t require the construction supervisors to keep account of the money they receive, for they are honest and trustworthy men.”Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the court secretary,“ I have found the Book of the Law in the Lord’s Temple!” Then Hilkiah gave the scroll to Shaphan, and he read it.Shaphan went to the king and reported,“ Your officials have turned over the money collected at the Temple of the Lord to the workers and supervisors at the Temple.”Shaphan also told the king,“ Hilkiah the priest has given me a scroll.” So Shaphan read it to the king.When the king heard what was written in the Book of the Law, he tore his clothes in despair.Then he gave these orders to Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Acbor son of Micaiah, Shaphan the court secretary, and Asaiah the king’s personal adviser:“ Go to the Temple and speak to the Lord for me and for the people and for all Judah. Inquire about the words written in this scroll that has been found. For the Lord’s great anger is burning against us because our ancestors have not obeyed the words in this scroll. We have not been doing everything it says we must do.”So Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Acbor, Shaphan, and Asaiah went to the New Quarter of Jerusalem to consult with the prophet Huldah. She was the wife of Shallum son of Tikvah, son of Harhas, the keeper of the Temple wardrobe.She said to them,“ The Lord, the God of Israel, has spoken! Go back and tell the man who sent you,‘ This is what the Lord says: I am going to bring disaster on this city and its people. All the words written in the scroll that the king of Judah has read will come true.For my people have abandoned me and offered sacrifices to pagan gods, and I am very angry with them for everything they have done. My anger will burn against this place, and it will not be quenched.’“ But go to the king of Judah who sent you to seek the Lord and tell him:‘ This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says concerning the message you have just heard:You were sorry and humbled yourself before the Lord when you heard what I said against this city and its people— that this land would be cursed and become desolate. You tore your clothing in despair and wept before me in repentance. And I have indeed heard you, says the Lord.So I will not send the promised disaster until after you have died and been buried in peace. You will not see the disaster I am going to bring on this city.’” So they took her message back to the king.Then the king summoned all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.And the king went up to the Temple of the Lord with all the people of Judah and Jerusalem, along with the priests and the prophets— all the people from the least to the greatest. There the king read to them the entire Book of the Covenant that had been found in the Lord’s Temple.The king took his place of authority beside the pillar and renewed the covenant in the Lord’s presence. He pledged to obey the Lord by keeping all his commands, laws, and decrees with all his heart and soul. In this way, he confirmed all the terms of the covenant that were written in the scroll, and all the people pledged themselves to the covenant.Then the king instructed Hilkiah the high priest and the priests of the second rank and the Temple gatekeepers to remove from the Lord’s Temple all the articles that were used to worship Baal, Asherah, and all the powers of the heavens. The king had all these things burned outside Jerusalem on the terraces of the Kidron Valley, and he carried the ashes away to Bethel.He did away with the idolatrous priests, who had been appointed by the previous kings of Judah, for they had offered sacrifices at the pagan shrines throughout Judah and even in the vicinity of Jerusalem. They had also offered sacrifices to Baal, and to the sun, the moon, the constellations, and to all the powers of the heavens.The king removed the Asherah pole from the Lord’s Temple and took it outside Jerusalem to the Kidron Valley, where he burned it. Then he ground the ashes of the pole to dust and threw the dust over the graves of the people.He also tore down the living quarters of the male and female shrine prostitutes that were inside the Temple of the Lord, where the women wove coverings for the Asherah pole.Josiah brought to Jerusalem all the priests who were living in other towns of Judah. He also defiled the pagan shrines, where they had offered sacrifices— all the way from Geba to Beersheba. He destroyed the shrines at the entrance to the gate of Joshua, the governor of Jerusalem. This gate was located to the left of the city gate as one enters the city.The priests who had served at the pagan shrines were not allowed to serve at the Lord’s altar in Jerusalem, but they were allowed to eat unleavened bread with the other priests.Then the king defiled the altar of Topheth in the valley of Ben Hinnom, so no one could ever again use it to sacrifice a son or daughter in the fire as an offering to Molech.He removed from the entrance of the Lord’s Temple the horse statues that the former kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun. They were near the quarters of Nathan melech the eunuch, an officer of the court. The king also burned the chariots dedicated to the sun.Josiah tore down the altars that the kings of Judah had built on the palace roof above the upper room of Ahaz. The king destroyed the altars that Manasseh had built in the two courtyards of the Lord’s Temple. He smashed them to bits and scattered the pieces in the Kidron Valley.The king also desecrated the pagan shrines east of Jerusalem, to the south of the Mount of Corruption, where King Solomon of Israel had built shrines for Ashtoreth, the detestable goddess of the Sidonians; and for Chemosh, the detestable god of the Moabites; and for Molech, the vile god of the Ammonites.He smashed the sacred pillars and cut down the Asherah poles. Then he desecrated these places by scattering human bones over them.The king also tore down the altar at Bethel— the pagan shrine that Jeroboam son of Nebat had made when he caused Israel to sin. He burned down the shrine and ground it to dust, and he burned the Asherah pole.Then Josiah turned around and noticed several tombs in the side of the hill. He ordered that the bones be brought out, and he burned them on the altar at Bethel to desecrate it.( This happened just as the Lord had promised through the man of God when Jeroboam stood beside the altar at the festival.) Then Josiah turned and looked up at the tomb of the man of God who had predicted these things.“ What is that monument over there?” Josiah asked. And the people of the town told him,“ It is the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and predicted the very things that you have just done to the altar at Bethel!”Josiah replied,“ Leave it alone. Don’t disturb his bones.” So they did not burn his bones or those of the old prophet from Samaria.Then Josiah demolished all the buildings at the pagan shrines in the towns of Samaria, just as he had done at Bethel. They had been built by the various kings of Israel and had made the Lord very angry.He executed the priests of the pagan shrines on their own altars, and he burned human bones on the altars to desecrate them. Finally, he returned to Jerusalem.King Josiah then issued this order to all the people:“ You must celebrate the Passover to the Lord your God, as required in this Book of the Covenant.”There had not been a Passover celebration like that since the time when the judges ruled in Israel, nor throughout all the years of the kings of Israel and Judah.But in the eighteenth year of King Josiah’s reign, this Passover was celebrated to the Lord in Jerusalem.Josiah also got rid of the mediums and psychics, the household gods, the idols, and every other kind of detestable practice, both in Jerusalem and throughout the land of Judah. He did this in obedience to the laws written in the scroll that Hilkiah the priest had found in the Lord’s Temple.Never before had there been a king like Josiah, who turned to the Lord with all his heart and soul and strength, obeying all the laws of Moses. And there has never been a king like him since.Even so, the Lord was very angry with Judah because of all the wicked things Manasseh had done to provoke him.For the Lord said,“ I will also banish Judah from my presence just as I have banished Israel. And I will reject my chosen city of Jerusalem and the Temple where my name was to be honored.”The rest of the events in Josiah’s reign and all his deeds are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Judah.While Josiah was king, Pharaoh Neco, king of Egypt, went to the Euphrates River to help the king of Assyria. King Josiah and his army marched out to fight him, but King Neco killed him when they met at Megiddo.Josiah’s officers took his body back in a chariot from Megiddo to Jerusalem and buried him in his own tomb. Then the people of the land anointed Josiah’s son Jehoahaz and made him the next king.
2 Chronicles 32 33-2 Chronicles 35 27
When Hezekiah died, he was buried in the upper area of the royal cemetery, and all Judah and Jerusalem honored him at his death. And his son Manasseh became the next king.Manasseh was twelve years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem fifty five years.He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, following the detestable practices of the pagan nations that the Lord had driven from the land ahead of the Israelites.He rebuilt the pagan shrines his father, Hezekiah, had broken down. He constructed altars for the images of Baal and set up Asherah poles. He also bowed before all the powers of the heavens and worshiped them.He built pagan altars in the Temple of the Lord, the place where the Lord had said,“ My name will remain in Jerusalem forever.”He built these altars for all the powers of the heavens in both courtyards of the Lord’s Temple.Manasseh also sacrificed his own sons in the fire in the valley of Ben Hinnom. He practiced sorcery, divination, and witchcraft, and he consulted with mediums and psychics. He did much that was evil in the Lord’s sight, arousing his anger.Manasseh even took a carved idol he had made and set it up in God’s Temple, the very place where God had told David and his son Solomon:“ My name will be honored forever in this Temple and in Jerusalem— the city I have chosen from among all the tribes of Israel.If the Israelites will be careful to obey my commands— all the laws, decrees, and regulations given through Moses— I will not send them into exile from this land that I set aside for your ancestors.”But Manasseh led the people of Judah and Jerusalem to do even more evil than the pagan nations that the Lord had destroyed when the people of Israel entered the land.The Lord spoke to Manasseh and his people, but they ignored all his warnings.So the Lord sent the commanders of the Assyrian armies, and they took Manasseh prisoner. They put a ring through his nose, bound him in bronze chains, and led him away to Babylon.But while in deep distress, Manasseh sought the Lord his God and sincerely humbled himself before the God of his ancestors.And when he prayed, the Lord listened to him and was moved by his request. So the Lord brought Manasseh back to Jerusalem and to his kingdom. Then Manasseh finally realized that the Lord alone is God!After this Manasseh rebuilt the outer wall of the City of David, from west of the Gihon Spring in the Kidron Valley to the Fish Gate, and continuing around the hill of Ophel. He built the wall very high. And he stationed his military officers in all of the fortified towns of Judah.Manasseh also removed the foreign gods and the idol from the Lord’s Temple. He tore down all the altars he had built on the hill where the Temple stood and all the altars that were in Jerusalem, and he dumped them outside the city.Then he restored the altar of the Lord and sacrificed peace offerings and thanksgiving offerings on it. He also encouraged the people of Judah to worship the Lord, the God of Israel.However, the people still sacrificed at the pagan shrines, though only to the Lord their God.The rest of the events of Manasseh’s reign, his prayer to God, and the words the seers spoke to him in the name of the Lord, the God of Israel, are recorded in The Book of the Kings of Israel.Manasseh’s prayer, the account of the way God answered him, and an account of all his sins and unfaithfulness are recorded in The Record of the Seers. It includes a list of the locations where he built pagan shrines and set up Asherah poles and idols before he humbled himself and repented.When Manasseh died, he was buried in his palace. Then his son Amon became the next king.Amon was twenty two years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem two years.He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, just as his father, Manasseh, had done. He worshiped and sacrificed to all the idols his father had made.But unlike his father, he did not humble himself before the Lord. Instead, Amon sinned even more.Then Amon’s own officials conspired against him and assassinated him in his palace.But the people of the land killed all those who had conspired against King Amon, and they made his son Josiah the next king.Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty one years.He did what was pleasing in the Lord’s sight and followed the example of his ancestor David. He did not turn away from doing what was right.During the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, Josiah began to seek the God of his ancestor David. Then in the twelfth year he began to purify Judah and Jerusalem, destroying all the pagan shrines, the Asherah poles, and the carved idols and cast images.He ordered that the altars of Baal be demolished and that the incense altars which stood above them be broken down. He also made sure that the Asherah poles, the carved idols, and the cast images were smashed and scattered over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.He burned the bones of the pagan priests on their own altars, and so he purified Judah and Jerusalem.He did the same thing in the towns of Manasseh, Ephraim, and Simeon, even as far as Naphtali, and in the regions all around them.He destroyed the pagan altars and the Asherah poles, and he crushed the idols into dust. He cut down all the incense altars throughout the land of Israel. Finally, he returned to Jerusalem.In the eighteenth year of his reign, after he had purified the land and the Temple, Josiah appointed Shaphan son of Azaliah, Maaseiah the governor of Jerusalem, and Joah son of Joahaz, the royal historian, to repair the Temple of the Lord his God.They gave Hilkiah the high priest the money that had been collected by the Levites who served as gatekeepers at the Temple of God. The gifts were brought by people from Manasseh, Ephraim, and from all the remnant of Israel, as well as from all Judah, Benjamin, and the people of Jerusalem.He entrusted the money to the men assigned to supervise the restoration of the Lord’s Temple. Then they paid the workers who did the repairs and renovation of the Temple.They hired carpenters and builders, who purchased finished stone for the walls and timber for the rafters and beams. They restored what earlier kings of Judah had allowed to fall into ruin.The workers served faithfully under the leadership of Jahath and Obadiah, Levites of the Merarite clan, and Zechariah and Meshullam, Levites of the Kohathite clan. Other Levites, all of whom were skilled musicians,were put in charge of the laborers of the various trades. Still others assisted as secretaries, officials, and gatekeepers.While they were bringing out the money collected at the Lord’s Temple, Hilkiah the priest found the Book of the Law of the Lord that was written by Moses.Hilkiah said to Shaphan the court secretary,“ I have found the Book of the Law in the Lord’s Temple!” Then Hilkiah gave the scroll to Shaphan.Shaphan took the scroll to the king and reported,“ Your officials are doing everything they were assigned to do.The money that was collected at the Temple of the Lord has been turned over to the supervisors and workmen.”Shaphan also told the king,“ Hilkiah the priest has given me a scroll.” So Shaphan read it to the king.When the king heard what was written in the Law, he tore his clothes in despair.Then he gave these orders to Hilkiah, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Acbor son of Micaiah, Shaphan the court secretary, and Asaiah the king’s personal adviser:“ Go to the Temple and speak to the Lord for me and for all the remnant of Israel and Judah. Inquire about the words written in the scroll that has been found. For the Lord’s great anger has been poured out on us because our ancestors have not obeyed the word of the Lord. We have not been doing everything this scroll says we must do.”So Hilkiah and the other men went to the New Quarter of Jerusalem to consult with the prophet Huldah. She was the wife of Shallum son of Tikvah, son of Harhas, the keeper of the Temple wardrobe.She said to them,“ The Lord, the God of Israel, has spoken! Go back and tell the man who sent you,‘ This is what the Lord says: I am going to bring disaster on this city and its people. All the curses written in the scroll that was read to the king of Judah will come true.For my people have abandoned me and offered sacrifices to pagan gods, and I am very angry with them for everything they have done. My anger will be poured out on this place, and it will not be quenched.’“ But go to the king of Judah who sent you to seek the Lord and tell him:‘ This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says concerning the message you have just heard:You were sorry and humbled yourself before God when you heard his words against this city and its people. You humbled yourself and tore your clothing in despair and wept before me in repentance. And I have indeed heard you, says the Lord.So I will not send the promised disaster until after you have died and been buried in peace. You yourself will not see the disaster I am going to bring on this city and its people.’” So they took her message back to the king.Then the king summoned all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.And the king went up to the Temple of the Lord with all the people of Judah and Jerusalem, along with the priests and the Levites— all the people from the greatest to the least. There the king read to them the entire Book of the Covenant that had been found in the Lord’s Temple.The king took his place of authority beside the pillar and renewed the covenant in the Lord’s presence. He pledged to obey the Lord by keeping all his commands, laws, and decrees with all his heart and soul. He promised to obey all the terms of the covenant that were written in the scroll.And he required everyone in Jerusalem and the people of Benjamin to make a similar pledge. The people of Jerusalem did so, renewing their covenant with God, the God of their ancestors.So Josiah removed all detestable idols from the entire land of Israel and required everyone to worship the Lord their God. And throughout the rest of his lifetime, they did not turn away from the Lord, the God of their ancestors.Then Josiah announced that the Passover of the Lord would be celebrated in Jerusalem, and so the Passover lamb was slaughtered on the fourteenth day of the first month.Josiah also assigned the priests to their duties and encouraged them in their work at the Temple of the Lord.He issued this order to the Levites, who were to teach all Israel and who had been set apart to serve the Lord:“ Put the holy Ark in the Temple that was built by Solomon son of David, the king of Israel. You no longer need to carry it back and forth on your shoulders. Now spend your time serving the Lord your God and his people Israel.Report for duty according to the family divisions of your ancestors, following the directions of King David of Israel and the directions of his son Solomon.“ Then stand in the sanctuary at the place appointed for your family division and help the families assigned to you as they bring their offerings to the Temple.Slaughter the Passover lambs, purify yourselves, and prepare to help those who come. Follow all the directions that the Lord gave through Moses.”Then Josiah provided 30,000 lambs and young goats for the people’s Passover offerings, along with 3,000 cattle, all from the king’s own flocks and herds.The king’s officials also made willing contributions to the people, priests, and Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, the administrators of God’s Temple, gave the priests 2,600 lambs and young goats and 300 cattle as Passover offerings.The Levite leaders— Conaniah and his brothers Shemaiah and Nethanel, as well as Hashabiah, Jeiel, and Jozabad— gave 5,000 lambs and young goats and 500 cattle to the Levites for their Passover offerings.When everything was ready for the Passover celebration, the priests and the Levites took their places, organized by their divisions, as the king had commanded.The Levites then slaughtered the Passover lambs and presented the blood to the priests, who sprinkled the blood on the altar while the Levites prepared the animals.They divided the burnt offerings among the people by their family groups, so they could offer them to the Lord as prescribed in the Book of Moses. They did the same with the cattle.Then they roasted the Passover lambs as prescribed; and they boiled the holy offerings in pots, kettles, and pans, and brought them out quickly so the people could eat them.Afterward the Levites prepared Passover offerings for themselves and for the priests— the descendants of Aaron— because the priests had been busy from morning till night offering the burnt offerings and the fat portions. The Levites took responsibility for all these preparations.The musicians, descendants of Asaph, were in their assigned places, following the commands that had been given by David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun, the king’s seer. The gatekeepers guarded the gates and did not need to leave their posts of duty, for their Passover offerings were prepared for them by their fellow Levites.The entire ceremony for the Lord’s Passover was completed that day. All the burnt offerings were sacrificed on the altar of the Lord, as King Josiah had commanded.All the Israelites present in Jerusalem celebrated Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread for seven days.Never since the time of the prophet Samuel had there been such a Passover. None of the kings of Israel had ever kept a Passover as Josiah did, involving all the priests and Levites, all the people of Jerusalem, and people from all over Judah and Israel.This Passover was celebrated in the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign.After Josiah had finished restoring the Temple, King Neco of Egypt led his army up from Egypt to do battle at Carchemish on the Euphrates River, and Josiah and his army marched out to fight him.But King Neco sent messengers to Josiah with this message:“ What do you want with me, king of Judah? I have no quarrel with you today! I am on my way to fight another nation, and God has told me to hurry! Do not interfere with God, who is with me, or he will destroy you.”But Josiah refused to listen to Neco, to whom God had indeed spoken, and he would not turn back. Instead, he disguised himself and led his army into battle on the plain of Megiddo.But the enemy archers hit King Josiah with their arrows and wounded him. He cried out to his men,“ Take me from the battle, for I am badly wounded!”So they lifted Josiah out of his chariot and placed him in another chariot. Then they brought him back to Jerusalem, where he died. He was buried there in the royal cemetery. And all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for him.The prophet Jeremiah composed funeral songs for Josiah, and to this day choirs still sing these sad songs about his death. These songs of sorrow have become a tradition and are recorded in The Book of Laments.The rest of the events of Josiah’s reign and his acts of devotion( carried out according to what was written in the Law of the Lord),from beginning to end— all are recorded in The Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah.
