1 Now when Mordecai became aware of all that had been done, hetn Heb “Mordecai.” The pronoun (“he”) was used in the translation for stylistic reasons. A repetition of the proper name here is redundant in terms of contemporary English style. tore his garments and put on sackcloth and ashes. He went out into the city, crying out in a loudtn Heb “great.” and bitter voice.

2 But he went no further than the king’s gate, for no one was permitted to enter the king’s gate clothed in sackcloth.

3 Throughout each and every province where the king’s edict and law were announcedtn Heb “reached” (so NAB, NLT); KJV, NASB, NIV “came”; TEV “wherever the king’s proclamation was made known.” there was considerabletn Heb “great” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NAB “the Jews went into deep mourning.” mourning among the Jews, along with fasting, weeping, and sorrow.sn Although prayer is not specifically mentioned here, it is highly unlikely that appeals to God for help were not a part of this reaction to devastating news. As elsewhere in the book of Esther, the writer seems deliberately to keep religious actions in the background. Sackcloth and ashes were characteristictn Heb “were spread to many”; KJV, NIV “many (+ people NLT) lay in sackcloth and ashes.” of many.

4 When Esther’s female attendants and her eunuchs came and informed her about Mordecai’s behavior,tn The words “about Mordecai’s behavior” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in translation for the sake of clarity. Cf. NIV, NLT “about Mordecai”; TEV, CEV “what Mordecai was doing.” the queen was overcome with anguish. Although she sent garments for Mordecai to put on so that he could remove his sackcloth, he would not accept them.

5 So Esther called for Hathach, one of the king’s eunuchs who had been placed at her service,tn Heb “whom he caused to stand before her”; NASB “whom the king had appointed to attend her.” and instructed him to find out the cause and reason for Mordecai’s behavior.tn Heb “concerning Mordecai, to know what this was, and why this was.”

6 So Hathach went to Mordecai at the plaza of the city in front of the king’s gate.

7 Then Mordecai related to him everything that had happened to him, even the specific amount of money that Haman had offered to pay to the king’s treasuries for the Jews to be destroyed.

8 He also gave him a written copy of the law that had been disseminatedtn Heb “given” (so KJV); NASB, NRSV, TEV, NLT “issued”; NIV “published”; NAB “promulgated.” in Susa for their destruction so that he could show it to Esther and talk to her about it. He also gave instructions that she should go to the king to implore him and petition him on behalf of her people.

9 So Hathach returned and related Mordecai’s instructionstn Heb “the words of Mordecai” (so KJV); NIV, NRSV, CEV “what Mordecai had said”; NLT “with Mordecai’s message.” to Esther.

10 Then Esther replied to Hathach with instructions for Mordecai:

11 “All the servants of the king and the people of the king’s provinces know that there is only one law applicabletn Heb “one is his law”; NASB “he (the king NIV) has but one law” to any man or woman who comes uninvited to the king in the inner court – that person will be put to death, unless the king extends to him the gold scepter, permitting him to be spared.tn Heb “and he will live”; KJV, ASV “that he may live”; NIV “and spare his life.” Now I have not been invited to come to the king for some thirty days!”

12 When Esther’s replytn Heb “the words of Esther”; TEV, NLT “Esther’s message.” was conveyed to Mordecai,

13 hetn Heb “Mordecai.” The pronoun (“he”) was used in the translation for stylistic reasons. A repetition of the proper name here is redundant in terms of contemporary English style. said to take back this answer to Esther:

14 “Don’t imagine that because you are part of the king’s household you will be the one Jewtn Heb “from all the Jews”; KJV “more than all the Jews”; NIV “you alone of all the Jews.” who will escape. If you keep quiet at this time, liberation and protection for the Jews will appeartn Heb “stand”; KJV, NASB, NIV, NLT “arise.” from another source,tn Heb “place” (so KJV, NIV, NLT); NRSV “from another quarter.” This is probably an oblique reference to help coming from God. D. J. A. Clines disagrees; in his view a contrast between deliverance by Esther and deliverance by God is inappropriate (Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther [NCBC], 302). But Clines’ suggestion that perhaps the reference is to deliverance by Jewish officials or by armed Jewish revolt is less attractive than seeing this veiled reference as part of the literary strategy of the book, which deliberately keeps God’s providential dealings entirely in the background. while you and your father’s household perish. It may very well betn Heb “And who knows whether” (so NASB). The question is one of hope, but free of presumption. Cf. Jonah 3:9. that you have achieved royal statustn Heb “have come to the kingdom”; NRSV “to royal dignity”; NIV “to royal position”; NLT “have been elevated to the palace.” for such a time as this!”

15 Then Esther sent this reply to Mordecai:

16 “Go, assemble all the Jews who are found in Susa and fast in my behalf. Don’t eat and don’t drink for three days, night or day. My female attendants and Itn Heb “I and my female attendants.” The translation reverses the order for stylistic reasons. will also fast in the same way. Afterward I will go to the king, even though it violates the law.tn Heb “which is not according to the law” (so KJV, NASB); NAB “contrary to the law.” If I perish, I perish!”

17 So Mordecai set out to do everything that Esther had instructed him.